Introduction Hydrogen has emerged as one of the most promising energy carriers in the global transition toward low carbon and sustainable energy systems. It is versatile, abundant, and capable of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions when produced using renewable energy sources. Hydrogen is used in a wide range of applications including transportation, industrial processing, energy...

The energy sector is a key driver in stimulating world development, bridging economic development with sustainable development. There is no other sector that can operate without stable power, and the sector is unavoidable but very dynamic. Although nations are struggling to find equilibrium between efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability, growth projections point towards equal...